Carbide development in our country has a history of more than 80 years, and only 46 years history of development of superhard materials, it is young, is a sunrise industry, have very big development space and potential. Synthetic diamond in China from scratch, since the childhood, and now has become a diamond producing countries, the annual output of nearly 5 billion carats, according to statistics, about 1.4 billion carats.
Original six top surface in the production of synthetic diamond in China a set of special equipment and process technology has accumulated rich production experience, laid the foundation of sustainable development to catch up with the advanced world level. Although China is the production of diamond power, but it is not power. Give priority to with medium and low-grade products, high-grade product quantity is little and scattered, the quality of the diamond crystal shape is not enough rules, crystal crack, bubble, impurities, particle concentration and other shortcomings. In recent years, because of the innovation ability and the improvement of technical craft. Synthetic diamond press and synthesis of cavity expansion, improve product quality, production increased dramatically. At present, the development of diamond tools in China lags behind the development of diamond,
Tools compared with abroad both in application scope, species number and gap. Such as compact (PDC) can produce 120 mm Φ abroad, but our country produces only Φ 50 mm, heat-resistant wearability is not high also, in recent years, due to the grand development of the automobile and aircraft manufacturing, a large number of application of lightweight materials (A1 - Si, A1 - Mg alloy), composite materials, etc. Superhard material tool application is also a large increase, especially the tools of functional materials, such as cutting semiconductor single crystal silicon wafer cutting tools, but the grinding wheel in some imported in our country, and ultra precision diamond cutting tool machining applications, or domestic blank, must catch up. Increased investment in science and technology, improve the ability of independent innovation, adjust product structure, working to develop new products, products tools become the primary task of the current.
Cemented carbide as a efficient tool structure material and wide scope of application and fast development, it is reported that the national carbide production more than 16000 tons, more than 30% of the world total. Is the production of cemented carbide power in our country, but not power. Especially mine development in our country in recent years, the construction of highway and railway, water conservancy, electric power, the construction of the bridge, construction industry is developing rapidly. Cause mine is growing demand for cemented carbide materials. Despite the world financial crisis's influence on our country, but the country has adopted a series of expanding domestic demand, sustaining economic growth, an increase of 4 trillion yuan of money to develop infrastructure, transportation, water, electricity, energy, such as urbanization, this gives carbide tool (cutter drilling tools, drilling tools) provides a good opportunity of development.
Cemented carbide drilling tools, drilling tools industry in China after more than half a century of development, in terms of output, variety, specifications, quality has made considerable progress. But compared with international drilling tools, drilling tools, still there are less variety, quality stability, the problem such as short service life, the use of the product, there is still a gap between the performance. The main reason is the low level of technology, and processing of raw materials, processing technology. As we all know, in the production of drilling tool, drilling hard alloy material itself exists the contradiction of hardness and toughness, to obtain high performance must sacrifice hardness, toughness for high hardness of the product and have to sacrifice toughness. In recent years, the hard alloy experts and engineering technical personnel according to the contradiction between the hard and tough, carried out a series of research work, has the following three aspects. To find the best conditions, improve the performance of cemented carbide tools.
With functionally graded structure, that is, under the high temperature decomposition of Ti (CN) compounds, the atom diffusion, heat transfer to produce gradient in the material. Such as sintering and zhongtong induced into the appropriate atmosphere heat treatment process about the spread of the elements in the air, to change the hard alloy microstructure analysis, make the material performance in one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional space appear gradient changes (mainly the Co content from the table and change), you can solve the contradictions in cemented carbide internal performance, this technology in foreign countries Sweden sandvik company has set up a file in the industrial application, but our country starts late, although after 10 years of research work, but it is still at the laboratory stage, from the industrial application must also work hard, key technology and equipment has yet to be a breakthrough.
Increase the surface coating to improve the mechanical properties of materials. Someone done experiment, using TiN coating bit, life can be increased by 50% ~ 60%. Jiang Xizhang source tungsten companies build sheep high general workers and others made a lot of work, after coating materials have greatly improved in hardness and wear resistance, the method of coating is also constantly progress, from the development of plasma chemical vapor deposition of physical vapor deposition, laser surface strengthening processing method. And heat treatment and cryogenic treatment, magnetization treatment technology can improve the performance of materials.
All above methods in cemented carbide material itself, not from cemented carbide materials, so the improvement of the performance of the material is always limited.
In the 1970 s, the diamond production in China has improved significantly. Engineering and technical personnel to carry out the synthetic diamond is used in experimental study of geological exploration work, successful, trial production into diamond bit used in mining, geology and so on as the core bit effect very good, later gradually developed into two types of diamond bit: is a kind of electroplated diamond bit, another kind is sintered diamond bit. Electroplated diamond bit is covered in a thick layer of diamond drill tooth surface, its process is simple, less investment, process parameters are easy to master, at room temperature, easy to operate, high drilling efficiency, long working hours, a small number of diamond is easy to fall off, gauge effect is poor. And then developed the sintering diamond bit: namely using different materials to produce different types of carcass sintered diamond drill bits. Such as: iron base tire body and tungsten carbide based tire body, currently use a new type of bond is a type of steel structure cemented carbide matrix. Tire body composition: tungsten carbide accounts for 15% ~ 30%, 30% ~ 45% of iron, with 663 - CU as binder, adding small amounts of other metals, tire body and diamond powder mix, in the high temperature of 1000 ° C under 16 ~ 18 mpa pressure sintering diamond bit. This type of bit for most rock good adaptability, high drilling index, application range is wide, so in recent years developing very quickly. Diamond bit used in mining, geological drilling in great quantities, it on the rock core rate is high, after the mines to explore, high drilling efficiency, ordinary carbide drill is difficult to replace it.
In the early 1980 s, foreign workers of science and technology to improve the service life of drill tool, first consider how to make the combination of diamond and carbide firmer, overcome the hardness and toughness of the material itself is difficult to unification, has carried out a lot of research work, such as the United States GE company in the world's first synthetic diamond compact, namely under high temperature and high pressure to synthetic diamond composite cemented carbide substrate. To make diamond compact bit. The high hardness, high wear resistance of diamond and carbide impact resistance organically. Diamond compact (PDC) bits, compared with carbide drill, long service life and drilling speed, good performance, simple structure.
Coal and oil fields in our country in recent years has been widely used. In 1987 the United States may add diamond company (mga.to diamond Co) in the study of diamond compact (PDC) successfully developed on the basis of the diamond composite tooth. Including composite ball, coal cutter tooth tooth, its synthetic technology is much more difficult than compact, the various types of compound gear is installed on the tool, widely used in mining, railway, highway and bridge construction projects. Long service life, high drilling speed, drilling cost is low. According to the United States when doing the experiment, the same bit is used for the same hardness of rock, footage of up to 1770 meters, and ordinary carbide drill footage is only 71 meters, so the life more than 20-fold.
The diamond and carbide with the combination of technology, the world's first patent is Sweden, then the United States to become outstanding person. Japan, the Soviet union and other countries have also made very good results, it is reported that due to the technology progress in recent years, the service life of composite ball tooth diamond drilling up to 700 times, this is the drilling tool, drilling industry. Also is the development direction of our country, must catch up.
Our country also has been studied in the compact (PDC) and bit better development, oil imports of drilling bit in the past, now home to production, but the service life and performance as well as the gap, in oilfield drilling also use foreign bit ease some of the key, a gap is narrowing.
About the ball tooth, research progress on composite tooth slower, compound high technical difficulty, although in recent years, the domestic several units but no breakthrough progress in experimental study. Because the people who know the carbide technology in China don't understand artificial diamond synthesis technology, understand the synthetic diamond people don't understand the performance mechanism of cemented carbide, so on the technical difficulties increased. I want to, only the carbide and superhard material industry experts organized, conduct joint research, play to their strengths, to produce the products reached the international advanced level.
How to shorten the gap with abroad, it is necessary to rely on reform and innovation, earnestly study and implement the scientific outlook on development, to the world, first through a new path, a enterprise bigger and stronger, doing fine, with the innovation and development, including technological innovation, product innovation, system innovation and management, in the end by leading to have new thinking and innovative ideas. To apply interdisciplinary technology to jointly develop, superhard materials and cemented carbide is closely together, ability of gaining its luminous summits. Efforts to achieve a new leap.
Current product of most enterprises is a kind of traditional popularization, supply exceeds demand, lack of competitiveness, some serious unsalable, can only rely on sales prices, this is not a way to be sure to transform traditional industries with high and new technology, efforts to make enterprises have their own characteristics, features, performance products, with strong market competitiveness, and characteristic is the competition, must strengthen the independent innovation, steady achieve transformation and upgrading of enterprise, adhere to the market demand as the guidance, adjustment of product structure. We should grasp the turnaround in the fierce market competition, looking for business opportunities, a head, for our country of superhard materials in the application of the cemented carbide tools to make new contributions.
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